The unit '$rad$' is the correct measure for which of the following?

  • A
    The probability of a photon in a gamma-ray beam producing ions in a target.
  • B
    The energy delivered to a target.
  • C
    The biological effect of radiation.
  • D
    The rate of decay of a radioactive source.

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${}^{238}U$ has $92$ protons and $238$ nucleons. It decays by emitting an alpha particle and becomes:

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Beta rays emitted by a radioactive material are

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