Two spherical conductors $A$ and $B$ of radii $1\, mm$ and $2\, mm$ are placed at a distance of $5\, cm$ from each other. They carry equal charges. If the spheres are connected by a conducting wire,they reach an equilibrium state. The ratio of the magnitudes of the electric fields at the surfaces of spheres $A$ and $B$ is ........

Given below are two statements $:$ one is labelled as Assertion $(A)$ and the other is labelled as Reason $(R)$.
Assertion $(A) :$ The outer body of an aircraft is made of metal which protects persons sitting inside from lightning strikes.
Reason $(R) :$ The electric field inside the cavity enclosed by a conductor is zero.
In the light of the above statements,choose the most appropriate answer from the options given below.

'Inside a conductor,the electrostatic field is zero'. Explain.

Explain the construction of a Van de Graaff generator with a diagram and describe its uses.

Two metallic spheres of radii $a$ and $b$ are placed far away from each other and are connected by a thin conducting wire. The total charge on them is $Q$. Calculate the potential of each sphere.

$A$ charge $q$ is distributed uniformly on the surface of a sphere of radius $R$. It is covered by a concentric hollow conducting sphere of radius $2R$. What will be the charge on the outer surface of the hollow sphere if it is earthed?