Find the potentials at points $A$ and $B$ in the circuit shown in the figure.

Consider a simple $RC$ circuit as shown in Figure $1$.
Process $1$: In the circuit,the switch $S$ is closed at $t=0$ and the capacitor is fully charged to voltage $V_0$ (i.e.,charging continues for time $T \gg RC$). In the process,some dissipation $(E_D)$ occurs across the resistance $R$. The amount of energy finally stored in the fully charged capacitor is $E_C$.
Process $2$: In a different process,the voltage is first set to $V_0/3$ and maintained for a charging time $T \gg RC$. Then the voltage is raised to $2V_0/3$ without discharging the capacitor and again maintained for time $T \gg RC$. The process is repeated one more time by raising the voltage to $V_0$ and the capacitor is charged to the same final voltage $V_0$.
These two processes are depicted in Figure $2$.
$(1)$ In Process $1$,the energy stored in the capacitor $E_C$ and heat dissipated across resistance $E_D$ are related by:
$[A]$ $E_C = E_D$
$[B]$ $E_C = E_D \ln 2$
$[C]$ $E_C = \frac{1}{2} E_D$
$[D]$ $E_C = 2 E_D$
$(2)$ In Process $2$,the total energy dissipated across the resistance $E_D$ is:
$[A]$ $E_D = \frac{1}{2} CV_0^2$
$[B]$ $E_D = 3 \left( \frac{1}{2} CV_0^2 \right)$
$[C]$ $E_D = \frac{1}{3} \left( \frac{1}{2} CV_0^2 \right)$
$[D]$ $E_D = 3 CV_0^2$
Select the correct pair of answers for $(1)$ and $(2)$.

Consider an evacuated cylindrical chamber of height $h$ having rigid conducting plates at the ends and an insulating curved surface as shown in the figure. $A$ number of spherical balls made of a light weight and soft material and coated with a conducting material are placed on the bottom plate. The balls have a radius $r \ll h$. Now a high voltage source $(HV)$ is connected across the conducting plates such that the bottom plate is at $+V_0$ and the top plate at $-V_0$. Due to their conducting surface,the balls will get charged,will become equipotential with the plate and are repelled by it. The balls will eventually collide with the top plate,where the coefficient of restitution can be taken to be zero due to the soft nature of the material of the balls. The electric field in the chamber can be considered to be that of a parallel plate capacitor. Assume that there are no collisions between the balls and the interaction between them is negligible. (Ignore gravity)
$(1)$ Which one of the following statements is correct?
$(A)$ The balls will stick to the top plate and remain there
$(B)$ The balls will bounce back to the bottom plate carrying the same charge they went up with
$(C)$ The balls will bounce back to the bottom plate carrying the opposite charge they went up with
$(D)$ The balls will execute simple harmonic motion between the two plates
$(2)$ The average current in the steady state registered by the ammeter in the circuit will be
$(A)$ zero
$(B)$ proportional to the potential $V_0$
$(C)$ proportional to $V_0^{1/2}$
$(D)$ proportional to $V_0^2$

When two identical capacitors are charged individually to different potentials and connected in parallel to each other,after disconnecting them from the source:

Assertion: Charges are given to plates of two plane parallel plate capacitors $C_1$ and $C_2$ (such that $C_2 = 2C_1$) as shown in the figure. Then the key $K$ is pressed to complete the circuit. Finally,the net charge on the upper plate and the net charge on the lower plate of capacitor $C_1$ is positive.
Reason: In a parallel plate capacitor,both plates always carry equal and opposite charge.

Find the potential difference between points $x$ and $y$.