Which law is associated with the following equation: $\oint \vec{E} \cdot d\vec{l} = -\frac{d\phi_B}{dt}$?

$A$ coil of resistance $16 \Omega$ is placed with its plane perpendicular to a uniform magnetic field whose flux ($\phi$ in $10^{-3} \text{ Wb}$) changes with time ($t$ in seconds) as $\phi = 5t^2 + 4t + 2$. The induced current at time $t = 6 \text{ s}$ is: (in $\text{ mA}$)

$A$ coil having an area $2\,m^2$ is placed in a magnetic field which changes from $1\,Wb/m^2$ to $4\,Wb/m^2$ in an interval of $2$ seconds. The $e.m.f.$ induced in the coil will be......$V$.

In the following figure,the magnet is moved towards the coil with a speed $v$ and the induced $emf$ is $e$. If the magnet and the coil recede away from one another,each moving with speed $v$,the induced $emf$ in the coil will be: (Assume the separation in both cases is the same)

Assertion : An induced current has a direction such that the magnetic field due to the current opposes the change in the magnetic flux that induces the current.
Reason : The above statement is in accordance with the conservation of energy.

$A$ coil having $n$ turns and resistance $R \ \Omega$ is connected with a galvanometer of resistance $4 R \ \Omega$. This combination is moved in time $t$ seconds from a magnetic flux $\phi_1$ Weber to $\phi_2$ Weber. The induced current in the circuit is