$A$ body of mass $5 \,kg$ falls from a height of $30 \,m$. If all its mechanical energy is converted into heat,then the heat produced will be ........ $cal$.

$A$ particle of mass $m$ moving with velocity $V_0$ strikes a simple pendulum of mass $m$ and sticks to it. The maximum height attained by the pendulum will be

$A$ bullet of mass $25 \,g$ moving horizontally at a speed of $250 \,m/s$ is fired into a wooden block of mass $1 \,kg$ suspended by a long string. The bullet crosses the block and emerges on the other side. If the centre of mass of the block rises through a height of $20 \,cm$, find the speed of the bullet as it emerges from the block. (Take $g = 10 \,m/s^2$) (in $\,m/s$)

Which physical quantity is conserved in both elastic and inelastic collisions?

$A$ student skates up a ramp that makes an angle $30^{\circ}$ with the horizontal. He/she starts (as shown in the figure) at the bottom of the ramp with speed $v_0$ and wants to turn around over a semicircular path $xyz$ of radius $R$ during which he/she reaches a maximum height $h$ (at point $y$) from the ground as shown in the figure. Assume that the energy loss is negligible and the force required for this turn at the highest point is provided by his/her weight only. Then ($g$ is the acceleration due to gravity):
$(A)$ $v_0^2 - 2gh = \frac{1}{2} gR$
$(B)$ $v_0^2 - 2gh = \frac{\sqrt{3}}{2} gR$
$(C)$ The centripetal force required at points $x$ and $z$ is zero.
$(D)$ The centripetal force required is maximum at points $x$ and $z$.

If a rubber ball falls from a height $h$ and rebounds up to a height of $h/2$,the percentage loss of total energy of the initial system and the velocity of the ball just before it strikes the ground,respectively,are: