$A$ bullet of mass $20 \, g$ travelling horizontally with a speed of $500 \, m/s$ passes through a wooden block of mass $10.0 \, kg$ initially at rest on a surface. The bullet emerges with a speed of $100 \, m/s$ and the block slides $20 \, cm$ on the surface before coming to rest. Find the coefficient of friction between the block and the surface. $(g = 10 \, m/s^2)$

$A$ $1\; kg$ block situated on a rough incline is connected to a spring of spring constant $100\; N m^{-1}$ as shown in the figure. The block is released from rest with the spring in the unstretched position. The block moves $10\; cm$ down the incline before coming to rest. Find the coefficient of friction between the block and the incline. Assume that the spring has a negligible mass and the pulley is frictionless.

$A$ rough inclined plane $BCE$ of height $\left(\frac{25}{6}\right) \text{ m}$ is kept on a rectangular wooden block $ABCD$ of height $10 \text{ m}$,as shown in the figure. $A$ small block is allowed to slide down from the top $E$ of the inclined plane. The coefficient of kinetic friction between the block and the inclined plane is $\frac{1}{8}$ and the angle of inclination of the inclined plane is $\sin^{-1}(0.6)$. If the small block finally reaches the ground at a point $F$,then $DF$ will be (Acceleration due to gravity,$g=10 \text{ ms}^{-2}$)

$A$ spring is compressed between two blocks of masses $m_1$ and $m_2$ placed on a horizontal surface as shown in the figure. When the blocks are released,they have initial velocities $v_1$ and $v_2$ as shown. The blocks travel distances $x_1$ and $x_2$ respectively before coming to rest due to friction. The ratio $\left( \frac{x_1}{x_2} \right)$ is

Explain why
$(a)$ a horse cannot pull a cart and run in empty space,
$(b)$ passengers are thrown forward from their seats when a speeding bus stops suddenly,
$(c)$ it is easier to pull a lawn mower than to push it,
$(d)$ a cricketer moves his hands backwards while holding a catch.

Two wedges each of mass $600 \ g$ are placed next to each other on a rough horizontal surface. The coefficient of static friction between the wedges and the surface is $0.4$. $A$ cube of mass $M$ is balanced on the wedges as shown in the figure. If there is no friction between the cube and wedges,the largest mass $M$ of the cube that can be balanced without motion of the wedges is . . . . . . $kg$.