$A$ particle of mass $m$ and charge $q$ is kept at the top of a fixed frictionless sphere. $A$ uniform horizontal electric field $E$ is switched on. The particle loses contact with the sphere when the line joining the center of the sphere and the particle makes an angle $45^{\circ}$ with the vertical. The ratio $\frac{qE}{mg}$ is:

Three point charges are placed at the corners of an equilateral triangle of side $L$ as shown in the figure.

Two identical particles of mass $m$ carry a charge $Q$ each. Initially, one is at rest on a smooth horizontal plane and the other is projected along the plane directly towards the first particle from a large distance with speed $v$. The closest distance of approach is:

Which of the following processes involves the principle of electrostatic induction?

Two identical positive charges are fixed on the $y$-axis, at equal distances from the origin $O$. $A$ particle with a negative charge starts on the $x$-axis at a large distance from $O$, moves along the $+x$-axis, passes through $O$, and moves far away from $O$. Its acceleration $a$ is taken as positive in the positive $x$-direction. The particle's acceleration $a$ is plotted against its $x$-coordinate. Which of the following best represents the plot?

Three negative charges of equal magnitude $q$ are placed at the vertices of an equilateral triangle. The electric field lines will look like: