$A$ steel rod of length $\ell$,cross-sectional area $A$,Young's modulus of elasticity $Y$,and thermal coefficient of linear expansion $\alpha$ is heated so that its temperature increases by $t\,^\circ C$. The work that can be done by the rod on heating is:

  • A
    $(YA\alpha t) \times (\ell\alpha t)$
  • B
    $\frac{1}{2}(YA\alpha t) \times (\ell\alpha t)$
  • C
    $\frac{1}{2}(YA\alpha t) \times (\frac{1}{2})(\ell\alpha t)$
  • D
    $2(YA\alpha t) \times (\ell\alpha t)$

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$A$ metal rod of area of cross-section $3 \,cm^2$ is stretched along its length by applying a force of $9 \times 10^4 \,N$. If the Young's modulus of the material of the rod is $2 \times 10^{11} \,Nm^{-2}$, the energy stored per unit volume in the stretched rod is:

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