$A$ vertical off-shore structure is built to withstand a maximum stress of $10^9 \; Pa$. Is the structure suitable for putting up on top of an oil well in the ocean? Take the depth of the ocean to be roughly $3 \; km$,and ignore ocean currents.

At what speed,the velocity head of water is equal to the pressure head of $40 \, cm$ of mercury? (Given: Density of mercury = $13.6 \times 10^3 \, kg/m^3$,Density of water = $10^3 \, kg/m^3$,$g = 9.8 \, m/s^2$)

If the atmospheric pressure is $P_a$,then the pressure $P$ at depth $h$ below the surface of a liquid of density $\rho$ open to the atmosphere is:

The value of $g$ at a place decreases by $2\%$. The barometric height of mercury:

$(a)$ Pressure decreases as one ascends the atmosphere. If the density of air is $\rho$,what is the change in pressure $dp$ over differential height $dh$?
$(b)$ Considering the pressure $P$ to be proportional to the density,find the pressure $P$ at a height $h$ if the pressure on the surface of the earth is $P_{0}$.
$(c)$ If $P_{0} = 1.03 \times 10^5 \text{ N/m}^2$,$\rho_0 = 1.29 \text{ kg/m}^3$,and $g = 9.8 \text{ m/s}^2$,at what height will the pressure drop to $\frac{1}{10}$ of the value at the surface of the earth?
$(d)$ This model of the atmosphere works for relatively small distances. Identify the underlying assumption that limits the model.

$A$ $U$-shaped tube is partially filled with an incompressible liquid of density $1.2 \ g \ cm^{-3}$. Oil, which does not mix with the liquid, is poured into the left side of the $U$-tube until the liquid rises by $15 \ cm$ on the right side. If the density of the oil is $0.9 \ g \ cm^{-3}$, the oil level will stand higher than the liquid level on the right side of the $U$-tube by: (in $cm$)