Aldehydes are more reactive than ketones towards nucleophilic attack because of?

$p$-Cresol reacts with chloroform in an alkaline medium to give compound $A$,which on addition of hydrogen cyanide forms compound $Y$. Acidic hydrolysis of $Y$ yields a chiral carboxylic acid. What is the structure of the carboxylic acid?

Acetophenone $(PhCOCH_3)$ reacts with perbenzoic acid to produce a compound $X$. Reaction of $X$ with excess $CH_3MgBr$ followed by treatment with aqueous acid predominantly produces

Given below are two statements: one is labelled as Assertion $A$ and the other is labelled as Reason $R$:
Assertion $A$: Acetal/Ketal is stable in basic medium.
Reason $R$: The high leaving tendency of alkoxide ion gives the stability to acetal/ketal in basic medium.
In the light of the above statements,choose the correct answer from the options given below:

The reaction of phthalaldehyde with concentrated $NaOH$ produces:

Match the compounds in Column-$I$ with their respective intermolecular attraction forces in Column-$II$.

Column-$I$ (Compound)	Column-$II$ (Attraction Forces)
$A$. Aldehyde	$i$. Intermolecular hydrogen bond formed in $ROH$ between $O^{\delta -}$ of one molecule and $H^{\delta +}$ of another molecule.
$B$. Ketone	$ii$. Dipole-dipole forces between $C^{\delta +}$ of one molecule and $O^{\delta -}$ of another molecule.
$C$. Alcohol	$iii$. van der Waals forces
$D$. Alkane	$iv$. Ionic forces