(A) forms a $2,4-DNP$ derivative,which indicates it is an aldehyde or a ketone. Since it does not reduce Tollens' or Fehling's reagent,$(A)$ must be a ketone.
$(A)$ responds to the iodoform test,which confirms it is a methyl ketone.
The molecular formula of $(A)$ indicates a high degree of unsaturation,yet it does not decolourise bromine water or Baeyer's reagent,suggesting the unsaturation is due to an aromatic ring.
Compound $(B)$,being an oxidation product of a ketone,is a carboxylic acid. The molecular formula of $(B)$ corresponds to benzoic acid $(C_6H_5COOH)$.
Therefore,$(A)$ is phenyl methyl ketone (acetophenone,$C_6H_5COCH_3$).
The reactions are as follows:
$1$. Formation of $2,4-DNP$ derivative: $C_6H_5COCH_3 + H_2NNHC_6H_3(NO_2)_2 \rightarrow C_6H_5C(CH_3)=NNHC_6H_3(NO_2)_2 + H_2O$
$2$. Iodoform test: $C_6H_5COCH_3 + 3I_2 + 4NaOH \rightarrow C_6H_5COONa + CHI_3 + 3NaI + 3H_2O$
$3$. Oxidation: $C_6H_5COCH_3 \xrightarrow{H_2CrO_4} C_6H_5COOH$