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(A) The basic strength of substituted anilines depends on the nature of the substituent group attached to the benzene ring. Electron-donating groups $

Vedclass · Accepted Answer

$iv > i > iii > ii$

Vedclass · Answer

(A) The basic strength of substituted anilines depends on the nature of the substituent group attached to the benzene ring. Electron-donating groups $(EDG)$ increase basic strength by increasing electron density on the nitrogen atom,while electron-withdrawing groups $(EWG)$ decrease it.$(i)$ Aniline: Reference compound.(ii) $p$-Nitroaniline: $-NO_2$ is a strong electron-withdrawing group ($-M$ and $-I$ effect),which significantly decreases basic strength.(iii) $p$-Cyanoaniline: $-CN$ is an electron-withdrawing group ($-M$ and $-I$ effect),which decreases basic strength,but less than $-NO_2$.(iv) $p$-Toluidine: $-CH_3$ is an electron-donating group ($+H$ and $+I$ effect),which increases basic strength.Comparing the effects:- $(iv)$ has an $EDG$ $(+H)$,making it the most basic.- $(i)$ is the reference.- $(iii)$ has an $EWG$ $(-M)$,making it less basic than $(i)$.- $(ii)$ has a stronger $EWG$ $(-M)$,making it the least basic.Therefore,the decreasing order of basic strength is: $(iv) > (i) > (iii) > (ii)$.

Arrange the following compounds in decreasing order of basic strength:

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