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(C) Basic strength is directly proportional to the electron-donating groups ($+M, +H, +I$ effects) and inversely proportional to electron-withdrawing

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$(iv) > (i) > (iii) > (ii)$

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(C) Basic strength is directly proportional to the electron-donating groups ($+M, +H, +I$ effects) and inversely proportional to electron-withdrawing groups ($-M, -H, -I$ effects).$(i)$ Aniline: Reference compound.(ii) $p$-Nitroaniline: $-NO_2$ group has strong $-M$ and $-I$ effects,which significantly decrease basic strength.(iii) $p$-Cyanoaniline: $-CN$ group has $-M$ and $-I$ effects,which decrease basic strength,but less than $-NO_2$.(iv) $p$-Toluidine: $-CH_3$ group has $+H$ and $+I$ effects,which increase basic strength.Comparing the effects: The order of electron-withdrawing power is $-NO_2 > -CN$. Thus,the order of basic strength is $(iv) > (i) > (iii) > (ii)$.

Arrange the following compounds in decreasing order of basic strength:
$(i)$ Aniline
(ii) $p$-Nitroaniline
(iii) $p$-Cyanoaniline
(iv) $p$-Toluidine

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Arrange the following compounds in decreasing order of basic strength:$(i)$ Aniline(ii) $p$-Nitroaniline(iii) $p$-Cyanoaniline(iv) $p$-Toluidine