Assertion : Standard optical diffraction gratings cannot be used for discriminating between $X-$ray wavelengths.
Reason : The grating spacing is not of the order of $X-$ray wavelengths.

$A$ single slit of width $a$ is illuminated by a monochromatic light of wavelength $600 \, nm$. The value of $a$ for which the first minimum appears at $\theta = 30^{\circ}$ on the screen will be ........... $\mu m$.

$A$ beam of light of $\lambda = 600 \, nm$ from a distant source falls on a single slit $1 \, mm$ wide and the resulting diffraction pattern is observed on a screen $2 \, m$ away. The distance between the first dark fringes on either side of the central bright fringe is:

$A$ slit of width $a$ is illuminated by monochromatic light of wavelength $650 \ nm$. The value of $a$ when the first maximum is formed at a diffraction angle of $30^\circ$ is:

The condition for diffraction is

Answer the following questions:
$(a)$ In a single slit diffraction experiment, the width of the slit is made double the original width. How does this affect the size and intensity of the central diffraction band?
$(b)$ In what way is diffraction from each slit related to the interference pattern in a double-slit experiment?
$(c)$ When a tiny circular obstacle is placed in the path of light from a distant source, a bright spot is seen at the centre of the shadow of the obstacle. Explain why?
$(d)$ Two students are separated by a $7 \; m$ partition wall in a room $10 \; m$ high. If both light and sound waves can bend around obstacles, how is it that the students are unable to see each other even though they can converse easily?
$(e)$ Ray optics is based on the assumption that light travels in a straight line. Diffraction effects (observed when light propagates through small apertures/slits or around small obstacles) disprove this assumption. Yet the ray optics assumption is so commonly used in understanding location and several other properties of images in optical instruments. What is the justification?