Compare the rate of Electrophilic Substitutio | vedclass

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(A) The rate of Electrophilic Substitution Reaction $(ESR)$ depends on the electron density of the benzene ring. Electron-donating groups $(EDG)$ incr

Vedclass · Accepted Answer

$a > c > d > b$

Vedclass · Answer

(A) The rate of Electrophilic Substitution Reaction $(ESR)$ depends on the electron density of the benzene ring. Electron-donating groups $(EDG)$ increase the rate,while electron-withdrawing groups $(EWG)$ decrease the rate.$(a)$ Toluene: $-CH_3$ is an activating group ($+I$ and hyperconjugation effect),which increases electron density.$(b)$ Nitrobenzene: $-NO_2$ is a strongly deactivating group ($-I$ and $-M$ effect),which significantly decreases electron density.$(c)$ Benzene: Reference compound.$(d)$ Chlorobenzene: $-Cl$ is a deactivating group ($-I$ effect dominates over $+M$ effect),which decreases electron density,but less than $-NO_2$.Therefore,the order of reactivity is: Toluene $(a)$ > Benzene $(c)$ > Chlorobenzene $(d)$ > Nitrobenzene $(b)$.Thus,the correct order is $a > c > d > b$.

Compare the rate of Electrophilic Substitution Reaction $(ESR)$ for the following compounds:

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