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(C) $1$. The reaction of phthalic anhydride with benzene in the presence of $AlCl_3$ (Friedel-Crafts acylation) yields $o$-benzoylbenzoic acid $(A)$.$

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(C) $1$. The reaction of phthalic anhydride with benzene in the presence of $AlCl_3$ (Friedel-Crafts acylation) yields $o$-benzoylbenzoic acid $(A)$.$2$. Treatment of $(A)$ with $PCl_5$ converts the carboxylic acid group to an acid chloride,followed by Rosenmund reduction $(H_2/Pd-BaSO_4)$ to form $o$-benzoylbenzaldehyde $(B)$.$3$. The reaction of $o$-benzoylbenzaldehyde $(B)$ with hydrazine $(NH_2-NH_2)$ involves a nucleophilic attack. Since the aldehyde group is more reactive toward nucleophilic attack than the ketone group,the hydrazine reacts with the aldehyde first,followed by cyclization with the ketone to form the final product $(C)$,which is $4$-phenylphthalazine (or a related phthalazine derivative).

Compound $(C)$ is

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