Describe the method of artificial hybridisation.

(N/A) Artificial hybridisation is a crop improvement technique where only desired pollen grains are used for pollination.
$1$. Emasculation: If the female parent bears bisexual flowers,the anthers must be removed from the flower bud before they dehisce using forceps. This prevents self-pollination.
$2$. Bagging: The emasculated flowers are covered with a bag,usually made of butter paper,to prevent contamination of the stigma by unwanted pollen.
$3$. Pollination: When the stigma of the bagged flower becomes receptive,mature pollen grains collected from the anthers of the selected male parent are dusted onto the stigma.
$4$. Rebagging: After pollination,the flowers are rebagged to allow the development of fruits from the desired cross.
If the female parent produces unisexual flowers,emasculation is not required. The female flower buds are simply bagged before they open,and pollination is performed when the stigma becomes receptive.