Examine the following common chemical structu | vedclass

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(A) To determine if a system is planar,we look at the hybridization of the atoms involved in the structure.$(i)$ Phenyl group: The benzene ring is pla

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$(i)$ and $(v)$

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(A) To determine if a system is planar,we look at the hybridization of the atoms involved in the structure.$(i)$ Phenyl group: The benzene ring is planar because all carbon atoms are $sp^2$ hybridized.$(ii)$ Cyclohexyl group: This is a saturated ring where carbons are $sp^3$ hybridized,adopting a non-planar chair conformation.$(iii)$ Cyclopentyl group: This is a saturated ring where carbons are $sp^3$ hybridized,adopting a non-planar envelope conformation.$(iv)$ Butyl group: This is an open-chain alkyl group with $sp^3$ hybridized carbons,which is non-planar.$(v)$ Ethenyl (vinyl) group: The two carbons are $sp^2$ hybridized,making the system planar.Therefore,systems $(i)$ and $(v)$ have essentially planar geometry.

Examine the following common chemical structures to which simple functional groups are often attached. Which of these systems have essentially planar geometry?

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In the reaction,the hybridisation states of carbon atoms $1, 2, 3, 4$ are:
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