For proposing the universal law of gravitation,which laws were taken for help?

$A$ satellite is launched into a circular orbit of radius $R$ around Earth,while a second satellite is launched into an orbit of radius $1.02 R$. The percentage difference in the time periods of the two satellites is:

In a solar system, the time-period of revolution of a planet tracing a circular orbit of radius $R$ is proportional to :

Two planets move around the sun. The periodic times and the mean radii of the orbits are $T_1, T_2$ and $r_1, r_2$ respectively. The ratio $T_1/T_2$ is equal to

The period of revolution increases in the order of:

India's Mangalyaan was sent to Mars by launching it into a transfer orbit $EOM$ around the Sun. It leaves the Earth at $E$ and meets Mars at $M$. If the semi-major axis of Earth's orbit is $a_e = 1.5 \times 10^{11} \, m$ and that of Mars' orbit is $a_m = 2.28 \times 10^{11} \, m$, using Kepler's laws, estimate the time taken for Mangalyaan to reach Mars from Earth in days.