For the reaction,$C_3H_{8(g)} + 5O_{2(g)} \longrightarrow 3CO_{2(g)} + 4H_2O_{(l)}$ at constant temperature,$\Delta H - \Delta U$ is:

Fill in the blanks:
$(i)$ The conversion of graphite into diamond is a ........ process.
$(ii)$ $1 \text{ calorie} = ........ \text{ Joules}$.
$(iii)$ Work done by the system can be calculated by the equation ........ .
$(iv)$ The change in heat energy during a chemical reaction at constant volume is called ........ .

Predict the change in internal energy for an isolated system at constant volume.

Find the work done on $2 \ mol$ of an ideal gas at $27^{\circ} C$ if it is compressed reversibly and isothermally from $5.05 \times 10^6 \ Nm^{-2}$ to $1.01 \times 10^5 \ Nm^{-2}$ pressure. (in $kJ$)

$A$ $5 \, L$ cylinder contains $10 \, mol$ of $O_2$ gas at $27 \, ^\circ C$. Due to a leak,the gas escapes into the atmosphere until the pressure inside the cylinder equals the atmospheric pressure $(1.0 \, atm)$. What is the work done by the gas?

Identify the process having $\Delta V = 0$.