From the following tools/techniques of genetic engineering,identify those which are required for cloning a bacterial gene in animal cells and choose the correct option:
$I$. Endonuclease $II$. Ligase
$III$. $A. tumefaciens$ $IV$. Microinjection
$V$. Gene gun $VI$. Lysozyme
$VII$. Cellulase $VIII$. Electrophoresis

Which of the following is not a method of introducing alien $DNA$ into host cells?

What is meant by gene cloning?

Which of the following is used for direct gene transfer?

What is the criterion for the movement of $DNA$ fragments on an agarose gel during gel electrophoresis?

Select the option that represents the correct sequence of steps in $r-DNA$ technology.
$(1)$ Insertion of $r-DNA$ into the host
$(2)$ Isolation of $DNA$
$(3)$ Ligation of $DNA$ fragment into the vector
$(4)$ Culturing the host cells in a medium at a large scale and extraction of the desired product
$(5)$ Isolation of the desired $DNA$ fragment
$(6)$ Fragmentation of $DNA$ by restriction endonucleases