How do biotic and abiotic factors affect crop production?

(N/A) Factors that affect crop production are categorized into two types:
$1$. Biotic factors: These include living organisms such as rodents,pests,insects,bacteria,and fungi that cause damage to stored grains and standing crops.
$2$. Abiotic factors: These include non-living environmental conditions such as temperature,humidity,moisture,wind,and soil salinity.
Both biotic and abiotic factors affect crop production in the following ways:
- Weight loss: Pests and moisture can reduce the overall mass of the grain.
- Infestation of insects: Biotic agents can consume or damage the crops.
- Poor germination ability: Environmental stress or fungal infection reduces the viability of seeds.
- Discoloration: Chemical or biological changes lead to a loss of quality and color in the produce.