How do substances like $CO_2$ and water move in and out of the cell? Discuss.
(N/A) Substances like $CO_2$ move in and out of the cell through the process of diffusion. When $CO_2$ accumulates in high concentration inside the cell,a concentration gradient is created between the internal and external environment. $CO_2$ moves from a region of high concentration to a region of low concentration outside the cell via diffusion. Similarly,water moves in and out of the cell through a specialized process called osmosis,which is the movement of water molecules from a region of higher water concentration to a region of lower water concentration through a selectively permeable membrane.
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Carry out the following osmosis experiment:
Take four peeled potato halves and scoop each one out to make potato cups. One of these potato cups should be made from a boiled potato. Put each potato cup in a trough containing water. Now,
$(a)$ Keep cup $A$ empty.
$(b)$ Put one teaspoon sugar in cup $B$.
$(c)$ Put one teaspoon salt in cup $C$.
$(d)$ Put one teaspoon sugar in the boiled potato cup $D$.
Keep these for two hours. Then observe the four potato cups and answer the following:
$(i)$ Explain why water gathers in the hollowed portion of $B$ and $C$.
$(ii)$ Why is potato $A$ necessary for this experiment?
$(iii)$ Explain why water does not gather in the hollowed out portions of $A$ and $D$.
Take four peeled potato halves and scoop each one out to make potato cups. One of these potato cups should be made from a boiled potato. Put each potato cup in a trough containing water. Now,
$(a)$ Keep cup $A$ empty.
$(b)$ Put one teaspoon sugar in cup $B$.
$(c)$ Put one teaspoon salt in cup $C$.
$(d)$ Put one teaspoon sugar in the boiled potato cup $D$.
Keep these for two hours. Then observe the four potato cups and answer the following:
$(i)$ Explain why water gathers in the hollowed portion of $B$ and $C$.
$(ii)$ Why is potato $A$ necessary for this experiment?
$(iii)$ Explain why water does not gather in the hollowed out portions of $A$ and $D$.
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