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(B) Ortho and para directing groups are electron-donating groups that increase electron density at the ortho and para positions of the benzene ring.Gr

Vedclass · Accepted Answer

$II, III$

Vedclass · Answer

(B) Ortho and para directing groups are electron-donating groups that increase electron density at the ortho and para positions of the benzene ring.Groups like $-NHCOCH_3$ $(II)$ and $-OCH_3$ $(III)$ have lone pairs on the atom directly attached to the benzene ring,exhibiting a $+M$ effect. Therefore,they are ortho/para directing.In contrast,$-CHO$ $(I)$ and $-SO_3H$ $(IV)$ are electron-withdrawing groups and are meta-directing.Thus,the correct option is $(b)$.

Identify ortho and para directing groups from the following: $I. -CHO$,$II. -NHCOCH_3$,$III. -OCH_3$,$IV. -SO_3H$.

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