In an experiment,the following observations were recorded: $L = 2.820 \, m, M = 3.00 \, kg, l = 0.087 \, cm$,Diameter $D = 0.041 \, cm$. Taking $g = 9.81 \, m/s^2$ and using the formula $Y = \frac{4MgL}{\pi D^2 l}$,the maximum permissible error in $Y$ is ......... $\%$.

The density of a cube is measured by measuring its mass and the length of its sides. If the maximum error in the measurement of mass and length are $3\%$ and $2\%$ respectively,then find the maximum error in the measurement of the density of the cube.

The two specific heat capacities of a gas are measured as $C_P = (12.28 \pm 0.2) \text{ units}$ and $C_V = (3.97 \pm 0.3) \text{ units}$. Find the value of the gas constant $(R)$.

The amount of heat produced in an electric circuit depends upon the current $(I),$ resistance $(R)$ and time $(t).$ If the error made in the measurements of the above quantities are $2\%, 1\%$ and $1\%$ respectively then the maximum possible error in the total heat produced will be ........... $\%$

$Assertion$ : The error in the measurement of radius of the sphere is $0.3\%$. The permissible error in its surface area is $0.6\%$.
$Reason$ : The permissible error is calculated by the formula $\frac{\Delta A}{A} = \frac{4\Delta r}{r}$.

In an experiment to determine the acceleration due to gravity $g$,the formula used for the time period of a periodic motion is $T=2 \pi \sqrt{\frac{7(R-r)}{5 g}}$. The values of $R$ and $r$ are measured to be $(60 \pm 1) \text{ mm}$ and $(10 \pm 1) \text{ mm}$,respectively. In five successive measurements,the time period is found to be $0.52 \text{ s}, 0.56 \text{ s}, 0.57 \text{ s}, 0.54 \text{ s}$ and $0.59 \text{ s}$. The least count of the watch used for the measurement of time period is $0.01 \text{ s}$. Which of the following statement$(s)$ is(are) true?
$(A)$ The error in the measurement of $r$ is $10 \%$
$(B)$ The error in the measurement of $T$ is $3.57 \%$
$(C)$ The error in the measurement of $T$ is $2 \%$
$(D)$ The error in the determined value of $g$ is $11 \%$