(B) Nucleophiles are electron-rich species that donate an electron pair to an electrophilic carbon atom. According to the $Br\o nsted-Lowry$ and $Lewi

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(B) Nucleophiles are electron-rich species that donate an electron pair to an electrophilic carbon atom. According to the $Br\o nsted-Lowry$ and $Lewis$ concepts,nucleophiles act as bases because they donate a lone pair of electrons. In the reaction $R-X + OH^{-} \to R-OH + X^{-}$,the hydroxide ion $(OH^{-})$ acts as a nucleophile and also as a base.