In the formation of a primary rainbow,the sunlight rays emerge at minimum deviation from a raindrop after:

Light of wavelength $\lambda$ in air enters a medium of refractive index $\mu$. Two points in this medium,lying along the path of this light,are at a distance $x$ apart. The phase difference between these points is:

$A$ student sees the top edge and the bottom centre $C$ of a pool simultaneously from an angle $\theta$ above the horizontal as shown in the figure. The refractive index of water which fills up to the top edge of the pool is $\frac{4}{3}$. If $\frac{h}{x}=\frac{7}{4}$,then $\cos \theta$ is

When a ray of light passes from one medium to another,which quantity remains constant?

Time taken by light to travel in two different materials $A$ and $B$ of refractive indices $\mu_{A}$ and $\mu_{B}$ of the same thickness is $t_{1}$ and $t_{2}$ respectively. If $t_{2}-t_{1}=5 \times 10^{-10} \text{ s}$ and the ratio of $\mu_{A}$ to $\mu_{B}$ is $1:2$. Then the thickness of the material,in meters,is: (Given $v_{A}$ and $v_{B}$ are velocities of light in $A$ and $B$ materials respectively).

$A$ ray of light passes through four transparent media with refractive indices $\mu_1, \mu_2, \mu_3$ and $\mu_4$ as shown in the figure. The surfaces of all media are parallel. If the emergent ray $CD$ is parallel to the incident ray $AB$,we must have