The lanthanide for which +II and +III oxidati | vedclass

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(D) The general oxidation state of lanthanoids is $+III$. However,some elements exhibit $+II$ or $+IV$ oxidation states due to stable electronic confi

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$Eu$

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(D) The general oxidation state of lanthanoids is $+III$. However,some elements exhibit $+II$ or $+IV$ oxidation states due to stable electronic configurations (like half-filled or fully-filled $f$-orbitals). Europium ($Eu$,atomic number $63$) has the electronic configuration $[Xe] 4f^7 6s^2$. It easily loses two electrons from the $6s$ orbital to form the $Eu^{2+}$ ion,which has a stable half-filled $4f^7$ configuration. It also commonly exists in the $+III$ oxidation state $(Eu^{3+})$. Therefore,$+II$ and $+III$ oxidation states are common for $Eu$.

The lanthanide for which $+II$ and $+III$ oxidation states are common is:

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