Let $\alpha, \beta$ be the roots of the equation $ax^2+bx+c=0$, where $a, b, c$ are real. If $s_n = \alpha^n + \beta^n$ and $\left|\begin{array}{ccc}3 & 1+s_1 & 1+s_2 \\ 1+s_1 & 1+s_2 & 1+s_3 \\ 1+s_2 & 1+s_3 & 1+s_4\end{array}\right| = k \frac{(a+b+c)^2}{a^4}$, then $k =$

If $A=\left[\begin{array}{ccc}2 & 0 & -3 \\ 4 & 3 & 1 \\ -5 & 7 & 2\end{array}\right]$ is expressed as a sum of a symmetric matrix $P$ and a skew-symmetric matrix $Q$,then $P^{T}-Q^{T}=$

If $a, b, c$ and $d$ are complex numbers,then the determinant $\Delta = \begin{vmatrix} 2 & a+b+c+d & ab+cd \\ a+b+c+d & 2(a+b)(c+d) & ab(c+d)+cd(a+b) \\ ab+cd & ab(c+d)+cd(a+b) & 2abcd \end{vmatrix}$ is

Let $A = \begin{bmatrix} 0 & -2 \\ 2 & 0 \end{bmatrix}$. If $M$ and $N$ are two matrices given by $M = \sum_{k=1}^{10} A^{2k}$ and $N = \sum_{k=1}^{10} A^{2k-1}$,then $MN^2$ is

$A = \frac{1}{\pi} \begin{bmatrix} \sin^{-1}(\pi x) & \tan^{-1}(\frac{x}{\pi}) \\ \sin^{-1}(\frac{x}{\pi}) & \cot^{-1}(\pi x) \end{bmatrix}$ and $B = \frac{1}{\pi} \begin{bmatrix} -\cos^{-1}(\pi x) & \tan^{-1}(\frac{x}{\pi}) \\ \sin^{-1}(\frac{x}{\pi}) & -\tan^{-1}(\pi x) \end{bmatrix}$. Then,$A - B = $ . . . . . . .

If $P$ is a non-singular matrix such that $I+P+P^2+\ldots+P^{n}=0$ ($0$ denotes the null matrix), then $P^{-1}=$