Maleic acid and fumaric acid are .......

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(C) Maleic acid and fumaric acid are stereoisomers of $HOOC-CH=CH-COOH$. Maleic acid is the $cis$-isomer,where both carboxylic acid groups are on the

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Geometrical isomers

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(C) Maleic acid and fumaric acid are stereoisomers of $HOOC-CH=CH-COOH$. Maleic acid is the $cis$-isomer,where both carboxylic acid groups are on the same side of the double bond. Fumaric acid is the $trans$-isomer,where the carboxylic acid groups are on opposite sides of the double bond. Since they differ in the spatial arrangement of atoms around the double bond,they are classified as geometrical isomers.

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