Mesomeric effect involves

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(A) Resonance or mesomeric effect is defined as the polarity produced in a molecule by the interaction of two $\pi$-bonds or between a $\pi$-bond and

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delocalisation of $\pi$-electrons

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(A) Resonance or mesomeric effect is defined as the polarity produced in a molecule by the interaction of two $\pi$-bonds or between a $\pi$-bond and a lone pair of electrons present on an adjacent atom. It involves the complete delocalisation of $\pi$-electrons through the conjugated system. There are two types of mesomeric effect: $1$. $+M$ effect: Observed when the direction of electron displacement is away from an atom or substituent group attached to the conjugated system,e.g.,$-halogen$,$-OH$,$-NH_2$. $2$. $-M$ effect: Observed when the transfer of electrons is towards the atom or substituent group attached to the conjugated system,e.g.,$-NO_2$,$-COOH$.

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