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(D) The reactivity of a benzene ring toward electrophilic substitution reactions $(ESR)$ depends on the electron density of the ring. Electron-donatin

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$3$-methoxyphenol

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(D) The reactivity of a benzene ring toward electrophilic substitution reactions $(ESR)$ depends on the electron density of the ring. Electron-donating groups (EDGs) increase the electron density and thus increase reactivity,while electron-withdrawing groups (EWGs) decrease it.$A$. $1,3$-dinitrobenzene: Contains two $-NO_2$ groups,which are strong EWGs. This significantly deactivates the ring.$B$. $3$-nitrophenol: Contains one $-OH$ group $(EDG)$ and one $-NO_2$ group $(EWG)$. The net effect is deactivation compared to phenol.$C$. Nitrobenzene: Contains one $-NO_2$ group $(EWG)$,which deactivates the ring.$D$. $3$-methoxyphenol: Contains two electron-donating groups: $-OH$ and $-OCH_3$. Both groups exert a $+M$ (mesomeric) effect,which increases the electron density of the benzene ring significantly,making it the most reactive toward $ESR$.

Which of the following compounds is most reactive toward an electrophilic substitution reaction?

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