Order of acidity of benzoic acid (I),4-methox | vedclass

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(A) The acidity of carboxylic acids depends on the stability of the conjugate base formed after the loss of a proton. Electron-withdrawing groups $(EW

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$IV > I > II > III$

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(A) The acidity of carboxylic acids depends on the stability of the conjugate base formed after the loss of a proton. Electron-withdrawing groups $(EWG)$ stabilize the carboxylate anion,increasing acidity,while electron-donating groups $(EDG)$ destabilize it,decreasing acidity.$1$. $4-$nitrobenzoic acid $(IV)$: The $-NO_2$ group is a strong $EWG$ ($-I$ and $-M$ effect),which significantly increases acidity.$2$. Benzoic acid $(I)$: The reference compound.$3$. $4-$methoxybenzoic acid $(II)$: The $-OCH_3$ group is an $EDG$ ($+M$ effect),which decreases acidity compared to benzoic acid.$4$. Acetic acid $(III)$: Aliphatic carboxylic acids are generally weaker than aromatic benzoic acids due to the lack of resonance stabilization of the carboxylate anion by the benzene ring.Therefore,the correct order of acidity is $IV > I > II > III$.

Order of acidity of benzoic acid $(I)$,$4-$methoxybenzoic acid $(II)$,acetic acid $(III)$ and $4-$nitrobenzoic acid $(IV)$ is

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