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(D) The basic strength of aromatic amines depends on the availability of the lone pair on the nitrogen atom. Electron-withdrawing groups $(EWG)$ like

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$Q < R < P$

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(D) The basic strength of aromatic amines depends on the availability of the lone pair on the nitrogen atom. Electron-withdrawing groups $(EWG)$ like $-NO_2$ decrease basicity by pulling electron density away from the nitrogen atom through inductive and resonance effects. Electron-donating groups $(EDG)$ like $-CH_3$ (methyl) increase basicity.$P$: Contains one $-NO_2$ group and two $-CH_3$ groups. The $-CH_3$ groups are electron-donating,which increases the electron density on the nitrogen atom,making it the most basic among the three.$Q$: Contains three $-NO_2$ groups (two ortho,one para). These are strong electron-withdrawing groups that significantly reduce the electron density on the nitrogen atom,making it the least basic.$R$: Contains one $-NO_2$ group at the para position. It is less basic than $P$ (due to the absence of electron-donating groups) but more basic than $Q$ (which has three electron-withdrawing groups).Therefore,the order of basic strength is $Q < R < P$.

Determine the order of basic strength for the following compounds:

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