Phytoalexins are secreted by plants in response to fungal infection. These compounds are generally

The role of ethylene and abscisic acid is both positive and negative. Justify the statement.

Study the following statements.
$I.$ "$X$" hormone promotes root growth and root hair formation, thus helping the plants to increase their absorption surface.
$II.$ "$Y$" hormone induces flowering in mango and also promotes rapid internode/petiole elongation in deep-water plants, hence helping leaves or upper parts of the shoot remain above water.
$III.$ "$Z$" hormone inhibits seed germination, increases the tolerance of plants to various stresses, and plays an important role in seed development, maturation, and dormancy.
Identify the correct names of hormones marked as $X$, $Y$, and $Z$.

Which of the following are added as growth promoters in culture media?
$(i)$ Ethylene
$(ii)$ Abscisic acid
$(iii)$ Gibberellin
$(iv)$ Auxin
$(v)$ Cytokinin

Match List-$I$ with List-$II$:

Column $I$ (Hormone)	Column $II$ (Effect/Function)
$(a)$ Auxins	$(i)$ Produces male flowers on female plant
$(b)$ Gibberellins	$(ii)$ Parthenocarpy in orange,lemon and grapes
$(c)$ Cytokinin	$(iii)$ Antitranspirant and stress tolerance in plants
$(d)$ Abscisic acid	$(iv)$ Reverses apical dominance in plants

An apparatus commonly used to demonstrate phototropism is