Some bacteria are not easily killed because of:

Bacteria are grouped into four categories based on their shape. Study the given figure and identify $P, Q, R,$ and $S$.

The nucleotide sequence in ribosomal $RNA$ provides the best evidence for the phylogeny of Monera. Based on this information,which are the most primitive Monerans?

Nostoc may form

Statement $X$: Methanogens are responsible for the production of methane.
Statement $Y$: They can survive in acidic and high-temperature conditions.

The most abundant prokaryotes helpful to humans in making curd from milk and in production of antibiotics are the ones categorized as