State True or False for the following statements:
$(i)$ Aniline becomes polar in its resonance structure.
$(ii)$ The separation of charge occurs in the resonance structure of aniline.
$(iii)$ The $NH_2$ group of aniline is electron donating.
$(iv)$ The $NH_2$ group of aniline is electron attracting in resonance $(-R)$.

(A) $(i) \text{ True}, (ii) \text{ True}, (iii) \text{ True}, (iv) \text{ False}$.
Explanation:
$(i)$ In the resonance structures of aniline,the lone pair on the nitrogen atom is delocalized into the benzene ring,creating partial positive charge on nitrogen and partial negative charge on the ortho and para positions,making it polar.
$(ii)$ Resonance structures involving the delocalization of the lone pair from the $NH_2$ group into the ring result in charge separation (positive on $N$ and negative on the ring carbons).
$(iii)$ The $NH_2$ group has a lone pair of electrons that it donates to the benzene ring via the $+R$ (resonance) effect.
$(iv)$ The $NH_2$ group acts as an electron-donating group ($+R$ effect),not an electron-attracting group ($-R$ effect).