The amplitude of a particle executing $SHM$ about $O$ is $10 \, cm.$ Then:

Match $List-I$ with $List-II$:
| | $List-I$ ($x-y$ graphs) | | $List-II$ (Situations) |
|---|---|---|---|
| $(a)$ | Damped oscillation graph | $(i)$ | Total mechanical energy is conserved |
| $(b)$ | Linear graph $y = -kx$ | $(ii)$ | Bob of a pendulum is oscillating under negligible air friction |
| $(c)$ | Simple harmonic motion graph | $(iii)$ | Restoring force of a spring |
| $(d)$ | Energy conservation graph ($K$.$E$. and $P$.$E$. curves) | $(iv)$ | Bob of a pendulum is oscillating along with air friction |
Choose the correct answer from the options given below:

$A$ clock $S$ is based on the oscillation of a spring,and a clock $P$ is based on pendulum motion. Both clocks run at the same rate on Earth. On a planet having the same density as Earth but twice the radius,which of the following is true?

You are holding a shallow circular container of radius $R$,filled with water to a height $h$ $(h \ll R)$. When you walk with speed $v$,it is seen that water starts spilling over. This happens due to the resonance of the periodic impulse given to the container (due to walking) with the oscillation of the water in the container. If the time period of water oscillating in the container is inversely proportional to $\sqrt{h}$,then $v$ is proportional to

At $t=0$,a particle executing $SHM$ with a time period $3 \ s$ is in phase with another particle executing $SHM$. The time period of the second particle is $T$ (less than $3 \ s$). If they are again in the same phase for the third time after $45 \ s$,then the value of $T$ is .... . (in $s$)

Phase space diagrams are useful tools in analyzing all kinds of dynamical problems. They are especially useful in studying the changes in motion as initial position and momentum are changed. Here we consider some simple dynamical systems in one-dimension. For such systems, phase space is a plane in which position is plotted along the horizontal axis and momentum is plotted along the vertical axis. The phase space diagram is the $x(t)$ vs. $p(t)$ curve in this plane. The arrow on the curve indicates the time flow. For example, the phase space diagram for a particle moving with constant velocity is a straight line as shown in the figure. We use the sign convention in which position or momentum upwards (or to the right) is positive and downwards (or to the left) is negative.
$1.$ The phase space diagram for a ball thrown vertically up from the ground is:
$2.$ The phase space diagram for simple harmonic motion is a circle centered at the origin. In the figure, the two circles represent the same oscillator but for different initial conditions, and $E_1$ and $E_2$ are the total mechanical energies respectively. Then:
$(A) E_1 = \sqrt{2} E_2$
$(B) E_1 = 2 E_2$
$(C) E_1 = 4 E_2$
$(D) E_1 = 16 E_2$
$3.$ Consider the spring-mass system, with the mass submerged in water, as shown in the figure. The phase space diagram for one cycle of this system is:
Give the answer for questions $1, 2,$ and $3.$