The apparent depth of a needle lying at the bottom of a tank,which is filled with water of refractive index $1.33$ to a height of $12.5\,cm$,is measured by a microscope to be $9.4\,cm$. If water is replaced by a liquid of refractive index $1.5$ up to the same height,what distance would the microscope have to be moved to focus on the needle again (in $,cm$)?

Two transparent slabs have the same thickness as shown. One is made of material $A$ of refractive index $1.5$. The other is made of two materials $B$ and $C$ with thickness in the ratio $1 : 2$. The refractive index of $C$ is $1.6$. If a monochromatic parallel beam passing through the slabs has the same number of waves inside both,the refractive index of $B$ is

An ice cube has a bubble inside. When viewed from one side,the apparent distance of the bubble is $12 \ cm$. When viewed from the opposite side,the apparent distance of the bubble is observed as $4 \ cm$. If the side of the ice cube is $24 \ cm$,the refractive index of the ice cube is $.....$.

The figure shows a transparent slab of length $1 \, m$ placed in air,whose refractive index in the $x$-direction varies as $\mu = 1 + x^2$ for $0 \leq x \leq 1$. The optical path length of ray $R$ will be:

Three immiscible liquids of densities $d_1 > d_2 > d_3$ and refractive indices $\mu_1 > \mu_2 > \mu_3$ are put in a beaker. The height of each liquid column is $\frac{h}{3}$. $A$ dot is made at the bottom of the beaker. For near normal vision,find the apparent depth of the dot.

Consider a configuration of $n$ identical units,each consisting of three layers. The first layer is a column of air of height $h=\frac{1}{3} \text{ cm}$,and the second and third layers are of equal thickness $d=\frac{\sqrt{3}-1}{2} \text{ cm}$,and refractive indices $\mu_1=\sqrt{\frac{3}{2}}$ and $\mu_2=\sqrt{3}$,respectively. $A$ light source $O$ is placed on the top of the first unit,as shown in the figure. $A$ ray of light from $O$ is incident on the second layer of the first unit at an angle of $\theta=60^{\circ}$ to the normal. For a specific value of $n$,the ray of light emerges from the bottom of the configuration at a distance $l=\frac{8}{\sqrt{3}} \text{ cm}$,as shown in the figure. The value of $n$ is. . . . .