The correct equation depicting the species-area relationship is:

In the tropical forests of different continents,the slope of the $Z$ line for frugivorous birds and mammals is found to be $...........$.

In the equation $\log\, S = \log\, C + Z\, \log\, A$,what does '$Z$' represent?

Given below are two statements.
Statement-$I$: Availability of intense sunlight,warmer temperature and higher annual rainfall in the tropics are responsible for species richness of fruit-yielding trees.
Statement-$II$: The variety of frugivorous organisms is more in the tropics as compared to the temperate regions.
In light of the above statements,choose the most appropriate answer from the options given below.

The relationship between species richness $(S)$ and area $(A)$ represented in the following graph is described by the equation:

Describe species-area relationships.