Humans have a genetic basis for sex determination.
$(a)$ Besides humans,which organisms have a genetic basis for sex determination?
$(b)$ Which chromosomes are similar in human males and females?
$(c)$ What is the function of these types of chromosomes?

(N/A) Besides humans,many other organisms such as cats,lions,monkeys,and dogs (all mammals) exhibit a genetic basis for sex determination.
$(b)$ In humans,the first $22$ pairs of chromosomes,known as autosomes,are similar in both males and females.
$(c)$ Autosomes carry genes that determine the somatic (body) characteristics of an individual,such as eye color,height,and skin texture,which are not directly related to sex determination.