The theory of evolution of species by natural selection was given by

What is the genetic constitution of the $23$rd pair of sex chromosomes in a human female?

Which of the following organs,when found to be present in two animals,indicate that these two animals have been evolved from a common ancestor?

$(a)$ What function is performed by human arms,forelimbs of a dog,and forelimbs of whales?
$(b)$ Which type of organs are these?
$(c)$ Why are they called so?

$(i)$ Name the scientist who proposed the theory of evolution of species by natural selection.
$(ii)$ What conclusion did Mendel draw from his experiments regarding traits?
$(iii)$ Arrange the following organisms in the order of their evolutionary complexity: Cockroach,Mango tree,Gorilla,Fish.

Does the occurrence of diversity of animals on earth suggest their diverse ancestry also? Discuss this point in the light of evolution.