The increasing order of acidity of the follow | vedclass

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Question

(A) The acidity of substituted benzoic acids depends on the electronic effects of the substituents attached to the benzene ring. $1$. The $-NO_2$ grou

Vedclass · Accepted Answer

$III < IV < I < II$

Vedclass · Answer

(A) The acidity of substituted benzoic acids depends on the electronic effects of the substituents attached to the benzene ring. $1$. The $-NO_2$ group (in $II$) is a strong electron-withdrawing group ($-I$ and $-M$ effects),which significantly increases the acidity of the carboxylic acid. $2$. The $-CH_3$ group (in $IV$) is an electron-donating group ($+I$ and hyperconjugation),which decreases the acidity compared to benzoic acid $(I)$. $3$. The $-OCH_3$ group (in $III$) exerts a strong $+M$ effect (electron-donating),which is much stronger than its $-I$ effect. This makes it a stronger electron-donating group than $-CH_3$,thus decreasing the acidity more than the $-CH_3$ group. $4$. Therefore,the acidity order is: $III$ (least acidic) $Hence,the correct increasing order is $III < IV < I < II$.

The increasing order of acidity of the following carboxylic acids is:

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