The major product of the reaction is

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(D) The reaction of an $\alpha$-amino acid with $NaNO_2$ and aqueous $HCl$ at $0 \ ^\circ C$ leads to the formation of a diazonium salt intermediate.

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(D) The reaction of an $\alpha$-amino acid with $NaNO_2$ and aqueous $HCl$ at $0 \ ^\circ C$ leads to the formation of a diazonium salt intermediate. This diazonium group is a very good leaving group. The neighboring carboxylate group (or carboxylic acid) can participate in an intramolecular nucleophilic substitution reaction. This process involves the displacement of the diazonium group by the oxygen atom of the carboxyl group,forming a cyclic lactone-like intermediate (or an activated species). Subsequently,water acts as a nucleophile to open this intermediate,resulting in the formation of an $\alpha$-hydroxy acid with retention of configuration at the chiral center. Therefore,the product is the $\alpha$-hydroxy acid with the same stereochemistry as the starting amino acid.

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