The reagent,from the following,which converts benzoic acid to benzaldehyde in one step is

Write a note on the effect of substituents on the acidic strength of carboxylic acid compounds.

Consider the acidity of the following carboxylic acids:
$(I)$ $PhCOOH$
$(II)$ $o-NO_2C_6H_4COOH$
$(III)$ $p-NO_2C_6H_4COOH$
$(IV)$ $m-NO_2C_6H_4COOH$
Which of the following is the correct order of acidity?

Which of the following would be expected to be most highly ionised in water?

$CH_3COOC_2H_5$ with excess of $C_2H_5MgBr$ and hydrolysis gives:

Which of the following reagents will convert propionic acid to $1-$propanol?