The tourmaline crystal:

Explain the polarization of light by a thin plastic-like sheet.

Statement-$1$: The blue part of the sky is clearly visible through a calcite crystal. The intensity of the transmitted light changes as the crystal is rotated.
Statement-$2$: Light from the sky is due to the scattering of sunlight by particles in the atmosphere.

If a polaroid is kept in the path of uniformly unpolarised light,the ratio of the intensity of the transmitted light to the intensity of the light when the polaroid was not kept in its path is:

An unpolarised light beam of intensity $2 I_{0}$ is passed through a polaroid $P$ and then through another polaroid $Q$ which is oriented in such a way that its passing axis makes an angle of $30^{\circ}$ relative to that of $P$. The intensity of the emergent light is.

Which of the following diagrams represents the variation of the electric field vector magnitude with time for a circularly polarized light?