Thermal expansion of a solid is due to the

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(B) The potential energy $U$ of two atoms in a solid as a function of their separation $r$ is represented by an asymmetric curve. As the temperature o

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asymmetric characteristic of the interatomic potential energy curve of the solid

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(B) The potential energy $U$ of two atoms in a solid as a function of their separation $r$ is represented by an asymmetric curve. As the temperature of the solid increases,the vibrational energy of the atoms increases. Due to the asymmetry of the potential energy curve,the atoms vibrate with larger amplitudes at higher energies. Because the curve is steeper for $r  r_0$,the mean separation between the atoms increases as the total energy increases. This increase in the mean separation of atoms manifests as the macroscopic thermal expansion of the solid.

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