Three solid spheres each of mass $m$ and diameter $d$ are stuck together such that the lines connecting the centres form an equilateral triangle of side length $d$. The ratio $I_{0} / I_{A}$ of the moment of inertia $I_{0}$ of the system about an axis passing through the centroid and perpendicular to the plane of the triangle,to the moment of inertia $I_{A}$ about an axis passing through the center of any one of the spheres and perpendicular to the plane of the triangle,is:

$A$ plank of mass $M$ is placed over a smooth inclined plane and a sphere of mass $m$ is also placed over the plank. Friction is sufficient between the sphere and the plank. If the plank and the sphere are released from rest,the frictional force on the sphere is:

$A$ particle is moving in a uniform circular motion with angular momentum $L$. If its angular frequency is doubled and its kinetic energy is halved,then the new angular momentum of the particle will be .......

$A$ thin uniform rod of length $L$ and mass $M$ is swinging freely along a horizontal axis passing through its centre. Its maximum angular speed is $\omega$. Its centre of mass rises to a maximum height of [where $g$ is gravitational acceleration]:

State whether the following statements are true or false:
$(1)$ Torque produces angular velocity in an object.
$(2)$ For the rotational motion of a rigid body,the linear variables of all its particles are the same.

The general motion of a rigid body can be considered to be a combination of $(i)$ a motion of the centre of mass about an axis,and $(ii)$ its motion about an instantaneous axis passing through the centre of mass. These axes need not be stationary. Consider,for example,a thin uniform disc welded (rigidly fixed) horizontally at its rim to a massless stick,as shown in the figure. When the disc-stick system is rotated about the origin on a horizontal frictionless plane with angular speed $\omega$,the motion at any instant can be taken as a combination of $(i)$ a rotation of the centre of mass of the disc about the $z$-axis,and $(ii)$ a rotation of the disc about an instantaneous vertical axis passing through its centre of mass (as is seen from the changed orientation of points $P$ and $Q$). Both the motions have the same angular speed $\omega$ in this case. Now consider two similar systems as shown in the figure: Case $(a)$ the disc with its face vertical and parallel to the $x-z$ plane; Case $(b)$ the disc with its face making an angle of $45^{\circ}$ with the $x-y$ plane,its horizontal diameter parallel to the $x$-axis. In both the cases,the disc is welded at point $P$,and systems are rotated with constant angular speed $\omega$ about the $z$-axis.
$1.$ Which of the following statements regarding the angular speed about the instantaneous axis (passing through the centre of mass) is correct?
$(A)$ It is $\sqrt{2} \omega$ for both the cases.
$(B)$ It is $\omega$ for case $(a)$; and $\frac{\omega}{\sqrt{2}}$ for case $(b)$.
$(C)$ It is $\omega$ for case $(a)$; and $\sqrt{2} \omega$ for case $(b)$.
$(D)$ It is $\omega$ for both the cases.
$2.$ Which of the following statements about the instantaneous axis (passing through the centre of mass) is correct?
$(A)$ It is vertical for both the cases $(a)$ and $(b)$.
$(B)$ It is vertical for case $(a)$; and is at $45^{\circ}$ to the $x-z$ plane and lies in the plane of the disc for case $(b)$.
$(C)$ It is horizontal for case $(a)$; and is at $45^{\circ}$ to the $x-z$ plane and is normal to the plane of the disc for case $(b)$.
$(D)$ It is vertical for case $(a)$; and is at $45^{\circ}$ to the $x-z$ plane and is normal to the plane of the disc for case $(b)$.
Give the answer for question $1$ and $2$.