What causes the temporary and permanent hardness of water?

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(N/A) Temporary hardness of water is due to the presence of soluble salts of magnesium and calcium in the form of hydrogen carbonates $(M(HCO_3)_2, \text{ where } M = Mg, Ca)$ in water.
Permanent hardness of water is due to the presence of soluble salts of calcium and magnesium in the form of chlorides and sulfates $(CaCl_2, MgCl_2, CaSO_4, MgSO_4)$ in water.

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