Identify the functional groups in the following compounds. Write their name,suffix,and prefix.
$(a)$ $CH_3CH_2CH_2COOH$
$(b)$ $CH_3CH_2CH_2COO^{-}Na^{+}$
$(c)$ $CH_3CH_2COOCH_3$

The $IUPAC$ name of the following compound is:

Write $IUPAC$ names and calculate the number of $\sigma$ and $\pi$ bonds for the following compounds:
$(i)$ $CH_3-CH(CH_3)-CH=CH-CH_2-CH=C(CH_3)-CH_2-CH_3$
$(ii)$ $CH_3-CH=CH-CH_2-CH=CH-CH(C_2H_5)-CH_2-CH_3$
$(iii)$ $CH_2=C(CH_2-CH_2-CH_3)_2$
$(iv)$ $CH_3-CH(C_4H_9)-CH=C(C_2H_5)-CH_2-CH(CH_3)_2$

What is the number of chiral carbon atoms present in $2$-Bromo-$3,4,5$-trimethylhexane?

What is the $IUPAC$ name of the compound $CH_3-CH_2-CH(CH_3)-CH_2-COCl$?

What is indicated by the corners and ends in the bond-line structure method of organic compounds?